产生一个随机数

2017-03-07

因为阿里的实习生笔试遇到类似题目，整理一下产生随机数的实现方法。

首先需要一个参数化的引擎类型，可以使用default_random_engine。参数化的引擎适配器类都是模板。
标准库还定义了一组分布模板，根据不同的概率分布生成随机数。

均匀分布
uniform_int_distribution< IntT> u(m,n);
uniform_real_distribution< RealT> u(x,y);
正态分布
normal_distribution< RealT> n(m,s);

产生服从均匀分布的代码具体实现如下

// uniform_int_distribution
#include <iostream>
#include <random>

int main()
{
  const int nrolls = 10000; // number of experiments
  const int nstars = 95;    // maximum number of stars to distribute

  std::default_random_engine generator;
  std::uniform_int_distribution<int> distribution(0,9);

  int p[10]={};

  for (int i=0; i<nrolls; ++i) 
  {
    int number = distribution(generator);
    ++p[number];
  }

  std::cout << "uniform_int_distribution (0,9):" << std::endl;
  for (int i=0; i<10; ++i)
    std::cout << i << ": " << std::string(p[i]*nstars/nrolls,'*') << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

// uniform_real_distribution
#include <iostream>
#include <random>

int main()
{
  const int nrolls=10000;  // number of experiments
  const int nstars=95;     // maximum number of stars to distribute
  const int nintervals=10; // number of intervals

  std::default_random_engine generator;
  std::uniform_real_distribution<double> distribution(0.0,1.0);

  int p[nintervals]={};

  for (int i=0; i<nrolls; ++i) 
  {
    double number = distribution(generator);
    ++p[int(nintervals*number)];
  }

  std::cout << "uniform_real_distribution (0.0,1.0):" << std::endl;
  std::cout << std::fixed; std::cout.precision(1);

  for (int i=0; i<nintervals; ++i) 
  {
    std::cout << float(i)/nintervals << "-" << float(i+1)/nintervals << ": ";
    std::cout << std::string(p[i]*nstars/nrolls,'*') << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

产生服从正态分布的代码具体实现如下

// normal_distribution
#include <iostream>
#include <random>

int main()
{
  const int nrolls=10000;  // number of experiments
  const int nstars=100;    // maximum number of stars to distribute

  std::default_random_engine generator;
  std::normal_distribution<double> distribution(5.0,2.0);

  int p[10]={};

  for (int i=0; i<nrolls; ++i) 
  {
    double number = distribution(generator);
    if ((number>=0.0)&&(number<10.0)) ++p[int(number)];
  }

  std::cout << "normal_distribution (5.0,2.0):" << std::endl;

  for (int i=0; i<10; ++i) 
  {
    std::cout << i << "-" << (i+1) << ": ";
    std::cout << std::string(p[i]*nstars/nrolls,'*') << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

参考文献

1.std::uniform_int_distribution
2.std::uniform_real_distribution
3.std::normal_distribution